Thermal Physics

Course description:
Temperature, thermometers. Empiric temperature scales. Measurements of temperature. International temperature scale. Zeroth Law of thermodynamics. Thermal state equations of gases, liquids and solids. Thermal expansion of gases, solids and liquids. First Law of thermodynamics. Heat, specific heat, heat capacity. Internal energy, entalpy. .The Joule-Thomson experiment. The Second Law of thermodynamics, and its statistical interpretation. Entropy production. Heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps. Carnot-cycle. Thermodynamic temperature. The Third Law of thermodynamics. Negative absolute temperature. Molecular interpretation of pressure and the state equation of ideal gases. Equipartition theorem. Brownian motion. Collision number. Mean free path. Internal friction in gases. Heat conduction. Stationary and non-stationary diffusion. Osmosis. Measuring of diffusion coefficients. Melting, freezing., evaporation, boiling. Saturated and non-saturated steam. Sublimation, condensation. Critical states. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Phase diagrams.. Generation of low temperatures. Condensation of gases. Conduction, convection. and radiation of heat. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Onsager's theorems.

Recommended Texts:

• Atkins P. W.: Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1990
• Savelyev I. V.: Physics. A General Course, Vol. I.  Mir, Moscow, 1980