brief introduction

One of the critical bottlenecks in the application of nanomaterials lies in the synthesis and modification of individual nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanowires, at a larger scale. While nanotechnology holds tremendous potential across various fields, including electronics, medicine, and energy, the ability to produce these materials consistently and in large quantities remains a significant challenge. Effective scaling up of synthesis techniques without compromising the quality or properties of the nanostructures is essential for their practical application. Moreover, achieving uniformity in size, shape, and functionalization during the large-scale production process is vital, as these factors directly influence the performance and efficacy of the nanomaterials in industrial and commercial contexts. Thus, ongoing research is critical to develop innovative methods and technologies that can facilitate the reliable and efficient production of nanomaterials, ultimately unlocking their full potential across diverse applications.